CORR:微创经皮钢板治疗胫骨骨折疗效良好并发症亦不容忽视

2013-10-15 hotstone dxy

微创经皮钢板固定在胫骨关节周围骨折中的应用中越来越多。理论上而言,这一方法可以减少对骨折部位软组织的损伤,保留骨折块的血供,因此被认为可以为骨痂形成、骨折间接愈合提供更好的条件。 尽管这一问题非常热门,但文献中关于“微创钢板固定胫骨骨折(minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis tibia)”的报道并不多,大多样本量都很小。而研究结果中创口并发症、骨折不愈合

微创经皮钢板固定在胫骨关节周围骨折中的应用中越来越多。理论上而言,这一方法可以减少对骨折部位软组织的损伤,保留骨折块的血供,因此被认为可以为骨痂形成、骨折间接愈合提供更好的条件。

尽管这一问题非常热门,但文献中关于“微创钢板固定胫骨骨折(minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis tibia)”的报道并不多,大多样本量都很小。而研究结果中创口并发症、骨折不愈合以及畸形愈合的发生率差异很大。因此尽管微创经皮钢板在理论上具有很多优势,但其实际上是否真能减少相关不良后果的发生率,目前并不明确。

白俄罗斯学者Sitnik教授等为了明确微创经皮钢板治疗胫骨骨折后不愈合、创口并发症、畸形愈合的发生率以及最终的功能状态,进行了一项样本量相对较大的研究,相关结果发表在2013年9月出版的Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research杂志上。【原文下载

研究人员从2004年1月至2011年7月共治疗了652例胫骨骨折,其中116例选用微创经皮钢板进行固定,都是不适合进行髓内钉内固定的患者,如关节周围骨折、髓腔过于狭窄以及既往进行过钢板固定的骨折等。进行回顾性分析时,排除了35例患者,主要包括单纯的胫骨平台骨折、随访不足12个月以及拒绝参与研究的患者。另一例由于伴发有严重创伤术后6周死亡。

80例纳入研究的患者平均年龄43岁(18-74岁),男性54例,女性26例。16例患者伴有严重的软组织损伤。该研究对患者的软组织情况、关节活动范围、力线以及功能状态(下肢功能评分)等进行了全面的评估。通过X线片和CT来确定骨折是否存在不愈合或畸形愈合。随访均超过12个月,平均23个月(12-48个月)。

结果发现,63例患者(79%)均顺利愈合。共发现7例(9%)患者出现轻度的伤口并发症;3例(4%)延迟愈合;7例(9%)不愈合;明显的对线不良5例(6%),CT测量发现25%的患者有超过10度以上的旋转畸形。

研究结论指出,微创经皮钢板治疗胫骨骨折79%的患者顺利愈合,与以往的文献报道一致,大部分患者都恢复到受伤前的运动和工作状态,下肢功能康复良好。然而,并发症的发生率也不容忽视,主要包括三个方面:骨折愈合不良(13%)、创口并发症(9%)和畸形愈合(6%)。由于该研究中样本量仍然有限,包括了一些严重软组织创伤的患者,选择的内固定材料等也存在差异,具体何种原因导致的并发症,从该研究中尚无法得出明确的结论。而软组织条件较好的患者并发症发生率明显较低。

原文检索

Sitnik AA, Beletsky AV.Minimally invasive percutaneous plate fixation of tibia fractures: results in 80 patients.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013 Sep【原文下载

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    2013-10-17 yb6561
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    2013-10-17 psybestwish