NEJM:新型药物多奈单抗有望改善早期老年痴呆

2021-05-09 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆病因,是人口老龄化面临的一个最重的问题。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆病因,是人口老龄化面临的一个最重的问题。据《国际阿尔茨海默病报告》显示,2015年全球有4700万AD患者,预计到2050年将增加到1.31亿人。

AD的神经病理特征是高度磷酸化的tau蛋白在神经元中沉积缠绕形成神经纤维缠结(NFTs),以及淀粉样蛋白β(Aβ)的聚集。高度磷酸化的tau蛋白也普遍存在于神经元中,这与神经斑块内的神经元密切相关。虽然这些病理改变在AD的整个临床阶段的积累已成共识,但最新的研究发现,无认知障碍的老年脑中也可观察到上述病理变化。

目前,降低痴呆的长期策略主要是尽早识别疾病危险因素并对疾病过程进行干预,从而推迟疾病的发生。其中,由礼来公司研发的多奈单抗(Donanemab)是一种针对沉积的Aβ的修饰形式的抗体,目前正在研究用于治疗早期AD。

多奈单抗基本原理是,有针对性地沉积斑块本身对于清除大脑中现有的淀粉样蛋白负担是必要的,而不是仅仅阻止新斑块的沉积或现有斑块的生长。2021年1月,礼来公司在新闻稿中宣布TRAILBLAZER-ALZ已达到其主要终点指标,相关结果发表在最近的《新英格兰医学杂志》NEJM上。

研究人员对早期有症状的AD患者进行了多奈单抗的2期试验,这些患者在正电子发射断层扫描(PET)上确定有tau和Aβ沉积。患者按1:1的比例随机分配接受多奈单抗(前三次剂量为700mg,此后为1400mg)或安慰剂,每4周静脉注射一次,最长72周。主要结果是76周时阿尔茨海默病综合评定量表(iADRS;范围为0至144,分数越低表示认知和功能障碍越大)的分数从基线的变化。次要结果包括临床痴呆评分量表之和(CDR-SB)、阿尔茨海默病评估量表的13项认知分量表(ADAS-Cog13)、阿尔茨海默病合作研究-日常生活活动量表(ADCS-iADL)和迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)得分的变化,以及PET上淀粉样蛋白和Tau负担的变化。

试验流程图

共有257名患者入选;131人被分配接受多奈单抗,126人接受安慰剂。两组的基线iADRS评分都是106分。在76周时,多纳尼单抗的iADRS评分从基线变化为-6.86,安慰剂为-10.06(差异=3.20;95%CI,0.12-6.27),两组具有统计学差异。但大多数次要结果的结果显示没有实质性差异。

同时与安慰剂相比,多奈单抗将iADRS的下降速度降低了32%(在20个月时)。而在76周时,多奈单抗的Aβ水平和整体tau负荷的减少分别比安慰剂多85个,比基线时减少108个。

早期AD患者使用多奈单抗治疗随时间的认知变化

在早期AD患者中,多奈单抗在76周时的认知能力和日常生活活动能力的综合评分表现优秀,有望为更多老年人带来希望。

 

参考文献:

Mark A. Mintun., et al. Donanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:1691-1704. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2100708

 

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    2024-01-14 侠胆医心 来自加利福尼亚

    #多奈单抗##仑卡奈单抗#会直面PK了。未来要看哪家更强?

    0

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    2021-05-10 栯婉
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    2021-05-10 栯婉

    学习

    0

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    2021-05-09 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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    2021-05-09 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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    2021-05-09 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

拓展阅读

JAMA子刊:治疗听力损失能延缓老年痴呆症发生吗?

治疗听力损失可能会延缓大量老年人的痴呆。针对临床显著听力计测量的听力损失的公共卫生干预措施可能对痴呆预防具有广泛益处。

Alzheimer’s & Dementia:大规模模拟试验揭示,他汀类药物对不同社会人口学群体痴呆患病风险无显著差异

他汀启动与未启动组的ADRD风险无显著差异(全队列HR=0.99),且年龄、性别、种族、教育、收入等社会人口学因素均未显著修饰这一关联(所有亚组p>0.05)。

JNNP:阿尔茨海默病患者的精神行为症状,竟能通过血液提前预测?

血浆蛋白标志物可以作为一种便捷、无创的监测手段,帮助医生更早识别高风险患者,甚至针对特定症状(如攻击行为或淡漠)制定个性化治疗方案。

JNNP:阿尔茨海默病的隐秘轨迹,大脑结构变化竟始于中年?

纵向追踪(即对同一人群多次脑扫描)仍是未来的金标准。

阿尔茨海默病诊断新突破:血浆p-tau217检测的全面评估

这项研究不仅证实了血浆p-tau217作为AD生物标志物的潜力,还为临床选择最佳检测方法提供了重要依据。

Stroke:左心房肌病的标志物: 窦性心律患者缺血性中风和痴呆的预后作用

本研究的发现表明,在多种左心房肌病标志物中,左心房储器应变对缺血性中风和痴呆的预测能力改善最为显著。