腕管综合征:腕掌屈试验、腕背伸试验和Tinel 征

2024-05-27 疼痛康复研究 疼痛康复研究 发表于上海

腕管综合征是正中神经在通过腕管时受到压迫导致的。

一、腕管综合征

腕管综合征是正中神经在通过腕管时受到压迫导致的。

1.病因

引起腕管综合征的原因有多种:手腕部劳损、使用腕部的姿势异常(悬空手腕,使用鼠标的电脑工作者,长期使用拐杖的残疾人等)、妊娠、手部的肿胀,患有糖尿病、痛风等疾病(这些疾病易引起神经病变,进而导致腕管综合征的发现)。

2.症状

腕管综合征的主要症状表现为手、腕部感觉异常,常见于拇指、食指、中指等正中神经分布区域。

典型症状

患者常会感到拇指、食指、中指指端麻木或疼痛,持物无力,症状以中指为甚,夜间或清晨症状较为明显。

一些症状严重者,疼痛可牵涉到手臂和肩部(需排除其他疾病的影响,如颈椎病)。

3.腕管的解剖

腕管是腕部的一个骨-纤维隧道,由腕骨及腕骨间韧带联合体构成其底和两侧壁,顶部则由腕横韧带覆盖。

  • 腕管内包含 9 条肌腱,即拇长屈肌腱以及屈指浅、深肌腱各四条。正中神经位于最浅层,直接处于腕横韧带下方。

  • 底是由腕骨形成的无弹性弓状结构及腕骨外、腕骨间的韧带。

  • 尺侧为钩骨钩、三角骨、豌豆骨,桡侧为舟骨、大多角骨、桡侧屈腕肌间隔。

图片

腕管内任何情况导致正中神经受到卡压,都易引起拇指、示指、中指和环指桡侧的疼痛、针刺感或麻木。

二、腕管综合征检测试验

1.腕掌屈试验

该试验用于诊断腕管综合征。

方法:坐位,指导患者屈曲肘关节,将两侧腕关节背面相向贴在一起。让患者保持这个姿势30~60秒,观察症状是否加重。该姿势会导致腕管受压。

图片

2.腕背伸试验

该测试使正中神经处于拉伸状态,同时也增加了腕管内的压力。

方法:坐位,指导患者屈曲肘关节,两侧手掌并拢(手腕和手指伸展)。让患者保持这个姿势30~60秒,观察症状是否加重。

图片

3.Tinel 征

该试验用于检查神经是否受到刺激。

方法:轻拍或叩击受累神经,如图。

如果叩击增加了患者的拇指、食指、中指和环指的一半(桡侧)受影响区域的刺激感,即为阳性体征。

图片

另外,Tinel 征也常用有检查腕尺管或内上髁附近的尺神经,因为这条神经在这里容易暴露。也可用于检测胫神经是否导致了跗管综合征。

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    2024-07-12 ms7000001753070197 来自江苏省

    学习

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    2024-06-17 微风山谷smile 来自广东省

    已学习

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    2024-06-11 ms2000000706028806 来自河南省

    实用

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    2024-05-30 susice 来自浙江省

    内容实用,学习了!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2214536, encodeId=15dd221453650, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=208, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3ba36489990, createdName=ms7000001753070197, createdTime=Fri Jul 12 04:29:33 CST 2024, time=2024-07-12, status=1, ipAttribution=江苏省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2210391, encodeId=5cc0221039134, content=已学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=219, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/12/05/9151d1e89e73add788e7d96c55fb5dec.jpg, createdBy=dcfd2497546, createdName=微风山谷smile, createdTime=Mon Jun 17 21:16:38 CST 2024, time=2024-06-17, status=1, ipAttribution=广东省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2209431, encodeId=3cab22094314e, content=实用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=208, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=67b49213398, createdName=ms2000000706028806, createdTime=Tue Jun 11 23:05:41 CST 2024, time=2024-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=河南省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2207494, encodeId=0006220e4949a, content=内容实用,学习了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=214, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161224/IMG585DA5E26B9F44696.jpg, createdBy=565a98798, createdName=susice, createdTime=Thu May 30 16:59:46 CST 2024, time=2024-05-30, status=1, ipAttribution=浙江省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2207097, encodeId=cdc0220e097d1, content=值得看!非常厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=224, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=26fb9321100, createdName=ms8000001087075978, createdTime=Tue May 28 19:36:13 CST 2024, time=2024-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=云南省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2206839, encodeId=29b52206839af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=111485391f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腕管综合征#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=adb2114904cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腕掌屈试验#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=ecda114905ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#腕背伸试验#</a> <a href='/topic/show?id=d6f2114906f4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Tinel 征#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=259, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=114906, encryptionId=d6f2114906f4, topicName=Tinel 征), TopicDto(id=114904, encryptionId=adb2114904cf, topicName=腕掌屈试验), TopicDto(id=85391, encryptionId=111485391f1, topicName=腕管综合征), TopicDto(id=114905, encryptionId=ecda114905ca, topicName=腕背伸试验)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cade5395722, createdName=梅斯管理员, createdTime=Mon May 27 13:56:13 CST 2024, time=2024-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2206878, encodeId=7fff22068e8b8, content=科学合理,学到啦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=213, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b9428741691, createdName=ms5000001846373376, createdTime=Mon May 27 15:45:16 CST 2024, time=2024-05-27, status=1, ipAttribution=内蒙古)]
    2024-05-28 ms8000001087075978 来自云南省

    值得看!非常厉害

    0

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    2024-05-27 ms5000001846373376 来自内蒙古

    科学合理,学到啦

    0

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腕管综合征的正骨疗法

腕管综合征(Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)是最常见的周围神经卡压性疾患,也是手外科医生最常进行手术治疗的疾患。

一文读懂:腕管综合证调理法

腕管综合症一般指腕管综合征。 腕管综合征(Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)是最常见的周围神经卡压性疾患,也是手外科医生最常进行手术治疗的疾患。

总结:腕管综合征解剖、病因、诊断和治疗

CTS典型的临床表现正中神经支配区的麻木、疼痛等;严重者可出现夜间症状加重、影响睡眠;病变晚期会出现拇指对掌无力,大鱼际肌萎缩等。因为肌肉萎缩不可逆转,所以早期诊断、及时治疗尤为关键。

糖尿病患者出现手麻就是糖尿病神经病变?症结其实出在患者的睡姿上

我们对于很多概念认识过于模糊,有些医生是凭感觉做事,而不是通过一个个具体病例去学习和掌握知识,错过了成长的机会。

PLoS One:伴和不伴有糖尿病的腕管综合征患者的手术次数有差别吗?

糖尿病患者比非糖尿病患者更多接受手术治疗CTS。并且1型糖尿病患者多于2型糖尿病患者。

腕管综合征相关的解剖、病因、诊断和治疗

周围神经在其行径中,经过某些骨-纤维隧道或跨越腱膜,穿过筋膜处,其活动空间受到明显限制。

腕管综合征:Dowart热狗征

肿胀的正中神经可以压迫屈肌支持带和屈肌肌腱,导致二者弯曲变形形成类似于热狗的征象,即为Dowart热狗征。

缓解腕管综合征的拉伸运动

腕管综合征它的另一个名字叫鼠标手,看到这个名字就已经很明白了,像码农、设计师、厨师、画师、安装师傅等,需要腕部进行长时间高强度高频率活动的工作都会诱发疾病。

腕管综合征 5 种病因及其分析

腕管综合征(CTS)是正中神经在腕管内遭到挤压而引起的一种周围神经卡压综合征。

1 例正中神经双束变异引起腕管综合征

患者女,46 岁,因右手拇、示、中、环指麻木 20年,加重 3年来院就诊。夜间症状加重,影响夜间睡眠,甩手、按摩后症状可缓解。