NEJM:8月和9月出生的儿童 谁的注意缺陷多动障碍诊断率更高?

2018-12-23 王淳 环球医学

2018年11月,美国学者发表在《N Engl J Med》的一项研究,考察了注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)与入学月份之间的相关性。

2018年11月,美国学者发表在《N Engl J Med》的一项研究,考察了注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)与入学月份之间的相关性。

背景:一个年级队列中年龄较小的儿童比同一年级年龄更大的儿童更可能诊断为注意缺陷多动障碍,这是由于基于年龄的行为差异,而非儿童年龄较小会造成注意缺陷多动障碍。美国大多数州进入公立学校的年龄限制非常随意。因此,在同一年级内,出生日期接近截止日期的儿童年龄可相差近1岁。

方法:研究者使用了2007~2015年大型保险数据库中的数据来比较具有和不具有9月1日儿童入托时要年满5岁的要求的州中,8月份出生的儿童和9月份出生的儿童中,注意缺陷多动障碍的诊断率。基于国际疾病分类第9版的诊断编码确定ADHD的诊断。研究者也使用处方记录来比较具有和不具有9月1日截止日期的州中,8月份出生和9月份出生的儿童间的注意缺陷多动障碍治疗。

结果:研究人群纳入了美国所有州的407846名2007~2009年出生的儿童,并随访至2015年12月。在具有9月1日截止日期的州中,8月出生和9月出生的儿童基于理赔的注意缺陷多动障碍诊断率分别为85.1/10000儿童(309例/36319名儿童;95% 置信区间[CI],75.6~94.2)和63.6/10000儿童(225/35353;95% CI,55.4~71.9),绝对差异为21.5/10000儿童(95% CI,8.8~34.0)。无9月1日截止日期的州中,相应的差异为8.9/10000儿童(95% CI,-14.9~20.8)。8月出生和9月出生的儿童注意缺陷多动障碍治疗率分别为52.9/10000儿童(192/36319;95% CI,45.4~60.3)和40.4/10000儿童(143/35353;95% CI,33.8~47.1),绝对差异为12.5/10000儿童(95% CI,2.43~22.4)。其他月月比较中,未发现这些差异,具有非9月1日入托截止日期的州中,也未观察到该差异。此外,具有9月1日截止日期的州中,8月出生和9月出生的儿童的哮喘、糖尿病或肥胖等发生率无显着差异。

结论:在具有9月1日入托截止日期的州中,8月出生的儿童比9月出生的儿童的注意缺陷多动障碍诊断率和治疗率都高。

原始出处:

Layton TJ, Barnett ML, Hicks TR, et al. Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Month of School Enrollment. N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 29;379(22):2122-2130. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1806828.

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