沉默的杀手——原发性胆汁性胆管炎,被发现已是肝硬化!

2022-09-06 风湿闰月说 网络

本病起病隐匿,早期症状不易显露,少数患者开始发病时无明显症状,常常发现时已经进展致肝硬化期,被大家称为“沉默的杀手”。

原发性胆汁性胆管炎是一种以胆汁淤积为特点的慢性自身免疫性肝病,如果不治疗将会发展为胆汁性肝硬化。

本病多见女性患者,尤其是中年女性,绝大多数病人 40 岁起病,平均 52 岁,约 40% 的病人 ≥ 65 岁。本病的具体病因尚在寻找。

原发性胆汁性胆管炎临床表现

本病起病隐匿,早期症状不易显露,少数患者开始发病时无明显症状,常常发现时已经进展致肝硬化期,被大家称为“沉默的杀手”。

在疾病初期,可表现为上腹不适,皮肤、巩膜黄染,皮肤瘙痒等症。但是此时尤其需要鉴别黄疸是否由于梗阻或者肝脏其他疾病导致的黄疸。

部分患者还可出现脂肪泻(即粪便色淡,量多,油脂状或泡沫状,多具恶臭,大便次数从数次到十余次不等,有时呈间歇性腹泻),这种症状也可为本病初期表现之一。

原发性胆汁性胆管炎辅助检查

生化检查方面,肝功能检查方面,尤其明显的是肝脏梗阻酶谱的升高(ALP、GGT),转氨酶不一定明显升高,如果发现梗阻酶谱升高明显,需要警惕本病。

当提示高胆红素血症时,认为提示病情仍在进展。

做为一种自身免疫性疾病,免疫学检查具有特异性,在筛查肝脏自身抗体时,若发现AMA抗体,特别是AMA-M2亚型阳性时,结合病史症状及梗阻酶谱异常,可诊断为该病。

对于肝脏组织活检术,因本病具有特异性抗体,因此本项检查手段并不是必须的,但是若高度怀疑本病,实验室检查不能辅助诊断时,可行肝穿活检明确诊断。

原发性胆汁性胆管炎西医治疗

值得注意的是,本病作为自身免疫性疾病的一种,常与其他自身免疫病重叠出现,尤其是干燥综合征。

因此干燥综合征的患者建议定期检查肝功能,若发现异常,需要及时就医,避免疾病进展至肝硬化期。

对于本病的治疗,一线药物为熊去氧胆酸,本药物具有利胆退黄的作用,帮助缓解胆汁淤积的情况。药物治疗期间,需要定期复查肝功能以及肝脏影像学以了解病情进展。

原发性胆汁性胆管炎中医治疗

本病临床表现繁多, 中医学文献中并没有该病名和诊断, 可根据病程不同阶段患者的主要症状, 分别归属于“黄疸”、“风瘙痒”、“血风疮”或“痒风”、“胁痛”、“虚劳”、“鼓胀”、“积聚”、“水肿”等症。

以常出现的“黄疸”为例,中医古籍将黄疸分为阴黄、阳黄、急黄。阴黄指黄疸色暗如烟熏,由于平素脾阳不足,复加寒湿,寒湿淤滞肝胆,胆汁失于常道,故治疗多以茵陈术附汤加减治疗。

《胆景岳全书·杂证谟》:“阳黄证因湿多成热,热则生黄,此即所谓湿热证也 ,治疗多以茵陈蒿汤加减;急黄病指因温热毒邪深重,燔灼营血所致,此时病情危急,中药治疗多以犀角散加减为用。

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    2022-09-06 ms1000000194745704

    很不错的文章

    0

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    2021-11-09 jiyangfei

    #原发性#

    0

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    2022-07-18 若水123
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    2021-11-10 108807375_62823132

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    2021-11-10 cmj15wellington

    #胆管#

    0

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