Bmc Infect Dis:同种异体造血干细胞受者的全身抗真菌策略:横断面观察性 AFHEM 研究分析

2022-04-24 网络 网络

与早期研究不同,AFHEM 研究表明,预防似乎是法国 alloHSCT 接受者使用的主要抗真菌策略。

侵袭性真菌病 (IFD) 仍然是异基因造血干细胞移植 (alloHSCT) 的主要并发症,并且与接受 alloHSCT 的患者的高死亡率相关。因为IFD 大多危及生命,早期诊断和开始适当的抗真菌治疗对于改善临床结果至关重要,抗真菌预防越来越多地用于治疗接受 alloHSCT 的患者的 IFD。

此次报道的文献对一项横断面观察性 AFHEM 研究进行了分析,以描述在法国血液病房住院的 alloHSCT 受者在现实临床实践中使用抗真菌药物的情况。该共招募了 147 名 alloHSCT 受者;大多数是成年人(n  = 135;92%)并且在入组前 6 个月内接受了 alloHSCT(n  = 123;84%)。

总体而言,119 名 (81%) 患者接受了全身抗真菌治疗;其中,95 (80%) 名患者接受了抗真菌预防治疗。

表1:根据植入前数据,系统抗真菌策略的使用频率(N = 95)

无论移植时间、中性粒细胞减少和移植物抗宿主病状态如何,接受全身抗真菌治疗的患者比例相似。在接受全身抗真菌治疗的患者中,83 人(70%)接受了唑类药物,22 人(18%)接受了棘白菌素治疗,16 人(13%)接受了多烯药物治疗。最常用的预防药物是氟康唑(给予 44 [46%] 名接受预防的患者)、泊沙康唑(n  = 16;17%)、两性霉素 B 制剂(n  = 11;12%)和卡泊芬净(n = 11; 12%)。

关于经验性治疗,9 名 (69%) 患者接受了卡泊芬净,2 名 (15%) 患者接受了两性霉素 B 脂质体治疗,其余 2 名 (15%) 患者接受了唑类药物(口服氟康唑或静脉注射伏立康唑)。当使用治愈性或先发性治疗时,伏立康唑是最常见的抗真菌药物(n  = 8;73%);这些患者中的大多数(n  = 6)接受了口服伏立康唑。

表2:5天观察期内不同全身抗真菌策略治疗的住院患者特征

在接受抗真菌预防的 95 名患者中,56 名(59%)为复发或难治性疾病,38 名(40%)为中性粒细胞减少。27 名 (28%) 患者出现 GVHD;其中,14 人(52%)患有急性 III-IV 级 GVHD,10 人(37%)患有急性 I-II 级 GVHD,7 人(26%)患有慢性 GVHD。十九名(20%)患者有 IFD 病史。

在接受经验性治疗的 13 名患者中,8 名 (62%) 有复发或难治性疾病,2 名 (15%) 有 IFD 病史。9 名 (69%) 患者出现中性粒细胞减少,所有患者均出现中性粒细胞减少至少 10 天。

11 名患者按照先发制人或治愈性策略进行治疗;大多数(n  = 10;91%)处于复发或难治性疾病中,四人(36%)已经经历过 IFD 发作。4 名 (36%) 患者出现中性粒细胞减少,6 名 (55%) 患有 GVHD,其中 5 名 (83%) 为急性 I-II 级 GVHD。

这项研究有几个局限性。虽然这是一项前瞻性研究,但其横断面设计并未考虑根据不断变化的临床条件制定抗真菌策略。由于其观察性质,抗真菌策略(即预防、经验策略和先发制人或治疗策略)是根据医生的判断记录的,可能与现有指南中公布的当前定义不符。AFHEM 研究是在几年前的 2013 年进行的,然而,从那时起临床实践几乎没有变化;例如,最新的欧洲初级抗真菌预防指南仍然承认唑类,特别是氟康唑,作为用于 alloHSCT 患者的初级抗真菌预防 ,这与该报告的调查结果一致。最后,此结果仅限于从同意参加该研究的法国中心招募的患者,因此它们可能不能代表法国抗真菌治疗的总体使用情况。

总的来说,这项工作提供了在法国血液病房住院的 alloHSCT 受者中使用的抗真菌策略的证据。与早期研究不同,AFHEM 研究表明,预防似乎是法国 alloHSCT 接受者使用的主要抗真菌策略。

 

原始出处:

Michallet M, El Cheikh J, Herbrecht R, Yakoub-Agha I, Caillot D, Gangneux JP. Systemic antifungal strategies in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients hospitalized in french hematology units: a post-hoc analysis of the cross-sectional observational AFHEM study. BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 9;22(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07216-6. PMID: 35397492; PMCID: PMC8994341.

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    2022-09-23 amy0563
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    2022-04-24 zhaojie88
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    2022-04-24 俅侠

拓展阅读

Acta Haematol:小儿复发难治性ETV6/RUNX1阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病单倍体同种异体造血干细胞移植的结局及预后因素

单倍体同种异体造血干细胞移植(haplo-HSCT)在复发或难治性(R/R)ETV6/RUNX1阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)儿科患者中的作用尚不清楚,本研究旨在确定预后因素。

Hematol Oncol:同种异体造血干细胞移植治疗成人原发性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多症是安全有效的

HSCT是一种很有前途的治疗成人发病的pHLH的方法。单倍体相同的HSCT对成年pHLH患者是安全有效的,因为pHLH相关基因存在单等位基因突变,但正常的细胞毒性功能是可靠的。

Blood:在同种异体HSCT后,至少需要20%供体髓细胞嵌合才可逆转镰刀型细胞贫血。

用于治疗镰刀型细胞贫血(SCD)的新型有效疗法,即将正常球蛋白基因整合至自体造血干细胞(HSCs),正处于临床试验阶段。而治愈SCD所需要的转移球蛋白的比例尚不明确。

2023 EBMT/ELN国际工作组建议:同种异体造血干细胞移植治疗骨髓纤维化的适应证和管理

欧洲血液和骨髓移植学会(EBMT,European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation ) · 2023-12-04