Nature:预防治疗血管疾病的他汀类药物的另一功效:可减少肥胖人群的肠道菌群失调!

2020-05-15 生物探索 生物探索

人体内存在着大量的微生物,它们帮助人类消化吸收营养、合成维生素、参与调节代谢和免疫机能,甚至影响着情绪和认知行为,当然也会致使人们生病。保守估计,人体内微生物与细胞的数量比约为1.3:1,在肠道内,细

人体内存在着大量的微生物,它们帮助人类消化吸收营养、合成维生素、参与调节代谢和免疫机能,甚至影响着情绪和认知行为,当然也会致使人们生病。保守估计,人体内微生物与细胞的数量比约为1.3:1,在肠道内,细菌基因的数量是人体宿主基因的100多倍。因而,正常的肠道菌群对人类健康有着不可忽视的潜在影响。

有研究指出,肥胖以及肥胖相关的合并症与粪便中微生物组,即肠道菌群的改变相关,包括粪便群落丰富度的降低和丁酸生产细菌比例丰度的降低。在此基础上,比利时鲁汶大学的研究人员结合宏基因组学,代谢组学和临床方法开展了一项关于肠道微生物的大规模观察性队列研究。结果发现,Bact2肠型是与系统性炎症相关的潜在菌群失调肠型,在肥胖人群中更普遍,而服用他汀类药物(降低胆固醇,治疗和预防心脑血管疾病的经典药物)可以降低肠道菌群失调的发生率。相关研究成果于当地时间5月6日发表在《Nature》杂志上。

doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2269-x

先前,该研究团队根据在肠道占有优势地位的细菌种类将人的肠道微生物组成划分为4种“肠型”:拟杆菌1型(Bact1)、拟杆菌2型(Bact2)、瘤胃球菌型(Rum)和普氏菌型(Prev)。

在本研究中,研究人员招募了2,000多名健康和有心脏代谢疾病的参与者,其中包括888名BMIS队列人员(中位数BMI = 31.5 kg/m-2), 对其粪便样品进行宏基因组测序和注释。由于参与者中,有超过42%的在服用一种以上药物,因此,通过对是否服用药物及其种类与宏基因组数据结合分析发现,他汀类药物是肠道微生物组多样化的关键协变量。

在对未服用他汀类药物的参与人群进一步分析,发现Bact2肠型在肥胖症患者中更为普遍,较瘦的人群中Bact2的发生率为3.9%,而肥胖症患者中该肠型的发生率为17.7%。除此之外,Bact2肠型个体的炎症水平比仅基于BMI所预测的也要更高,这表明,Bact2是一种与系统性炎症相关的不良肠道菌群结构。

未服用他汀类药物BMIS人群中微生物组的变化

非他汀类药物治疗的BMIS人群的肠型特征和患病率的变化。

通过对服用他汀类药物的人群进行分析比较,发现Bact2肠型的发生率与他汀类药物的使用呈负相关性,在服用他汀类药物的肥胖症患者中,Bact2的发生率从17.73%降至5.88%。这一结论也在MetaCardis心血管疾病数据集(n=282)和独立的Flemish肠道菌群项目人群(n=2345)分析中得到了进一步证实。

Bact2肠型患病率,肥胖与他汀类药物摄入量之间的关联

简而言之,研究人员发现不良肠型Bact2在肥胖人群中发生率较高,但服用他汀类药物可降低其发生率。但研究人员在报告中也指出,他汀类药物这一潜在益处需要在前瞻性临床试验中进行进一步评估,以确定这种作用是否可在随机人群中重现,以及是否可以考虑将其用作肠道菌群调节治疗剂。

原始出处:

Sara Vieira-Silva, Gwen Falony, Eugeni Belda, et.al. Statin therapy is associated with lower prevalence of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Nature 06 May 2020

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