Eur Heart J:为何男性比女性更易感染COVID-19?血液中ACE2浓度或许能解释

2020-05-12 生物探索 生物探索

根据最新数据统计,全球新冠肺炎累计确诊病例数已经超过425万例。其中,美国累计确诊病例已经突破138万例。

根据最新数据统计,全球新冠肺炎累计确诊病例数已经超过425万例。其中,美国累计确诊病例已经突破138万例。

早前的流行病学观察表明,新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染所有年龄段的人,但是患有慢性疾病(心血管疾病)的老年男性可能受到的影响更大。有报道表明,这或许与肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)抑制剂有关。RAAS抑制剂可能会增加血浆中血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)的浓度,从而增加服用这些药物的心血管患者感染COVID-19的风险。

近日,一项发表在《European Heart Journal》上的研究发现,事实并非如此。这项研究表明,男性血浆中的ACE2浓度要高于女性。此外,该研究还发现,心力衰竭患者服用RAAS抑制剂,例如血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂或血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARBs),他们的血液中没有更高浓度的ACE2。


https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa373

值得注意的是,这项新研究只观察了血浆中ACE2的浓度,而没有观察肺组织等组织中的浓度。此外,该研究无法提供有关RAAS抑制剂对COVID-19患者作用的确切证据。其结论主要限于心力衰竭患者,并且患者没有感染COVID-19,因此研究人员无法提供疾病进程与ACE2血浆浓度之间的直接联系。

具体来说,研究人员检测了来自11个欧洲国家的两组心力衰竭患者的血液样本中的ACE2浓度。第一组是指数队列,共有1485名男性和537名女性。然后,研究人员在第二组1123名男性和575名女性中验证了他们的发现(验证队列)。指数队列参与者的中位数(平均)年龄为男性69岁,女性75岁,而验证队列中参与者的平均年龄分别为74岁和76岁。

当研究人员研究了许多可能在ACE2浓度中起作用的临床因素时,包括性别、使用ACE抑制剂、ARBs和盐皮质激素受体拮抗剂(MRAs)以及慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病史、冠状动脉旁路移植和心房纤颤。

他们发现,性别是影响ACE2浓度是最强预测因子。ACE2不仅存在于肺部,还存在于心脏、肾脏和血管内壁的组织中,并且在睾丸中含量尤其高。在两个心力衰竭患者队列中,男性的血浆ACE2浓度高于女性。这或许可以解释为什么男性具有更高的ACE2浓度以及更容易感染SARS-CoV-2。

此外,在指数队列中,ACE抑制剂、ARBs和MRAs与较高的ACE2血浆浓度无关,而在验证队列中,ACE抑制剂和ARBS与较低的ACE2浓度相关,而MRA与较高浓度的相关较弱。

据了解,这是第一项实质性研究,旨在研究心血管疾病患者血浆ACE2浓度与RAAS抑制剂的使用之间的关系。结果没有发现ACE抑制剂、ARBs与血浆中ACE2浓度升高有关的证据。

研究人员强调,MRAs对ACE2浓度的影响尚不明确,因为在验证队列中未观察到浓度的微弱增加。这项发现并不表明在发展为COVID-19的心力衰竭患者中应停止使用MRA。它们是治疗心力衰竭的非常有效的方法,应仔细权衡其对病毒感染的假设作用和已证实的益处。”

在随附的社论中,加拿大阿尔伯塔大学的Gavin Oudit教授和美国哈佛医学院布莱根妇女医院的Marc Pfeffer教授写道:“面对迅速发展的COVID-19大流行,由于缺乏确切的数据,Sama(上述研究的第一作者)等人在COVID-19之前的心力衰竭患者中获得的结果提供了支持证据,表明在SARS-CoV-2感染风险患者中可以继续使用ACE抑制剂或ARBs。由于进展如此之快,我们现在对住院的COVID-19患者进行了两项关于ARB / ACE抑制剂使用的观察性研究,结果显示COVID-19患者的风险没有增加,甚至暗示可能获益。”

原始出处:

Iziah E Sama, Alice Ravera, Bernadet T Santema, et.al. Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors. European Heart Journal 10 May 2020

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    2020-10-04 whlxd
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    2020-05-20 whlxd
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    2020-10-14 shanyongle
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    2020-05-14 zhaojie88
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    2020-05-14 slcumt

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