Neurology: 种族和血液神经退行性标志物,如何影响大脑淀粉样变?

2022-08-12 Freeman MedSci原创

大脑淀粉样变,影响因素复杂

阿尔茨海默病(AD)大脑病理的生物标志物被研究、临床试验和记忆诊所用于各种适应症,包括确定认知障碍的病因是否可能与AD或其他原因有关。淀粉样蛋白正电子发射断层扫描(PET)是一种成熟的技术,可以确定一个人是否有明显的脑淀粉样蛋白病,可能导致或促成认知障碍;然而,淀粉样蛋白PET很昂贵,而且可用性有限。脑脊液(CSF)生物标志物也是预测脑淀粉样变的高度准确指标,而且价格较低,但需要熟练的临床医生进行腰椎穿刺(LP)手术,而且一些人认为LP是侵入性的。一些商业化的检测方法可用于测量CSF淀粉样β肽42(Aβ42)、Aβ40、总tau(t-tau)和在181位磷酸化的tau(p-tau181)的浓度,并且已经确定了与脑淀粉样变一致的截止值。

图1: 论文封面图


值得注意的是,脑淀粉样变的生物标志物截止值是在主要由非西班牙裔白人(NHW)组成的队列中定义的,然后适用于所有的人。然而,一些研究发现非裔美国人(AA)的CSF t-tau和p-tau181水平比NHW低,即使调整了年龄、性别、APOE ε4携带者状态和认知障碍等因素。为什么AA人的CSF t-tau和ptau181的水平较低尚不清楚,可能是由于医疗合并症、生物因素或健康的社会决定因素的不同所致。

不管根本原因是什么,这些差异对CSF生物标志物的效用有重要影响。将NHW中定义的生物标志物截止值应用于生物标志物未被研究的群体,有可能使其他群体接受额外的测试、错误的医疗管理、错过用AD特异性疗法治疗的机会,以及降低AD临床试验的注册人数。

然而,根据种族来 "调整 "医学测试的解释也是非常有问题的,特别是考虑到种族群体内部的异质性和种族的动态性质,因为它是一个社会而不是一个生物结构。相反,最好是使用在不同种族和民族群体中表现准确和一致的AD生物标志物。另外,调整AD生物标志物的种族差异的因素(如医疗合并症)可能更有效,并可在各群体中推广。


在过去的三年里,基于血液的AD生物标志物得到了快速发展。由C2N诊断公司提供的PrecivityADTM测试,包括通过质谱法对血浆Aβ42/Aβ40和脂蛋白E(apoE)蛋白型的高度精确测量,现在已可用于临床。多种血浆p-tau异构体也可作为脑淀粉样变的生物标志物,包括p-tau181、p-tau217和p-tau231。

血浆神经丝轻链(NfL)也可作为神经轴突损伤的非特异性标志物。评估这些检测方法是否准确和一致地预测不同种族和族裔群体的脑淀粉样变是至关重要的。

在这项研究中,有CSF生物标志物和淀粉质PET信息的最大的AA队列之一被用来检查这些脑淀粉样变的参考措施与C2N诊断公司PrecivityAD检测血浆Aβ42/Aβ40以及Simoa免疫检测p-tau181、ptau231和NfL的关系。

在记忆和衰老研究中,自认为是非洲裔美国人(AA)的人与自认为是非西班牙裔白人(NHW)的人按年龄、APOE ε4携带者状态和认知状态进行1:1匹配。每个参与者都进行了血液和脑脊液的采集,并对103名参与者(68%)进行了淀粉样蛋白PET检查。血浆Aβ42/Aβ40是通过高性能免疫沉淀-质谱分析法测量的。

血浆p-tau181、p-tau231和NfL由Simoa免疫分析法测量。CSF Aβ42/Aβ40和淀粉样蛋白PET状态分别作为脑淀粉样蛋白病的主要和次要参考标准。

有76对匹配的AA和NHW参与者(n=152)。对于AA和NHW组,中位年龄为68.4岁,42%为APOE ε4携带者,91%认知正常。

通过CSF Aβ42/Aβ40,AA组比NHW组有脑淀粉样变的可能性小(22% vs 43% 阳性;P = 0.003)。CSF Aβ42/Aβ40状态与血浆生物标志物的接收器操作特征曲线下面积如下。

 

图2:论文结果图

Aβ42/Aβ40,0.86(95% CI 0.79-0.92);p-tau181,0.76(0.68-0.84);p-tau231,0.69(0.60-0.78);和NfL,0.64(0.55-0.73)。

在用血浆Aβ42/Aβ40预测CSF Aβ42/Aβ40状态的模型中,包括协变量(年龄、性别、APOE ε4携带者状态、种族和认知状态),种族并不影响CSF Aβ42/Aβ40阳性的概率。在基于血浆p-tau181、p-tau231或NfL的类似模型中,AA参与者的CSF Aβ42/Aβ40阳性概率较低(几率比分别为0.31 [95% CI 0.13-0.73]、0.30 [0.13-0.71]和0.27 [0.12-0.64])。淀粉样蛋白PET状态的模型也得到了类似的结果。

该研究使用高性能的血浆Aβ42/Aβ40检测方法预测脑淀粉样变的模型,可能提供一个准确和一致的测量AA和NHW组的脑淀粉样变,但基于血浆p-tau181、p-tau231和NfL的模型可能表现不一致,可能导致对AA个体的过度误诊。

 

原文出处:
Schindler SE, Karikari TK, Ashton NJ, et al. Effect of Race on Prediction of Brain Amyloidosis by Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, Phosphorylated Tau, and Neurofilament Light. _Neurology_. 2022;99(3):e245-e257. doi:[10.1212/WNL.0000000000200358](https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000200358)

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    2022-12-31 hukaixun
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    2023-07-04 zsyan
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    2023-06-27 yinhl1978

    #Neurol#

    0

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    2022-08-12 xjy03

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Alzheimer&Dementia:“万金油”维生素D被证实能降低认知能力下降的速度!

饮食中的维生素D可能有助于减缓黑人随着年龄增长认知能力的下降。

拓展阅读

npj Vaccines:带状疱疹和呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗联合使用可使痴呆风险下降37%

本研究报道了AS01佐剂疫苗对认知障碍风险降低的首次系统性证据,特别是首次涵盖了RSV疫苗,这支持了佐剂本体参与认知障碍保护的假设。

【综述】成人烟雾病相关认知障碍的研究进展

该文主要从MMD相关认知障碍的临床特征、发病机制及现有治疗方案方面进行归纳总结,以期为MMD患者的诊治提供参考。

Cell:CAR-T疗法引起神经系统副作用的机制及破解法

CAR-T 细胞疗法可致认知障碍,机制为神经炎症反应激活微胶质细胞,减少少突胶质细胞,抑制海马神经发生。小鼠实验显示药物干预可逆转,为相关认知障碍治疗提供思路。

BMJ Mental Health:昼夜节律紊乱如何 “损伤大脑”?海马体 / 丘脑体积缩小或成认知衰退关键中介

昼夜节律时序紊乱(CPD)与海马体和丘脑体积减少显著相关,并介导了8.6%的非AD/VD痴呆风险;而节律幅度异常(RA降低)主要影响小脑结构。CPD升高还与多项认知功能下降相关。

Alzheimer’s & Dementia:全氟和多氟烷基物质在认知障碍和痴呆中的作用

PFAS可能通过血脂异常和动脉粥样硬化间接增加痴呆风险,动物实验显示其可穿过血脑屏障并引发神经炎症。PFAS VascCog纵向研究旨在通过前瞻性队列分析验证这一假设,为公共卫生政策提供依据。

【专家解读】脑卒中后认知障碍发病现状及相关因素分析

本研究基于脑卒中全周期康复理念,分析PSCI的发病现况,探讨在不同年龄和疾病不同时期下PSCI的影响因素,以期对后续的临床治疗和相关研究提供参考价值。