PNAS:施一公揭示nicastrin蛋白晶体的结构

2014-09-05 佚名 科学网

阿尔茨海默氏症是一种发病率最高,危害最大的中枢神经系统退变性疾病。膜内蛋白酶γ-分泌酶在这一疾病的发生发展中起着重要的作用。现在来自清华大学的研究人员揭示出了γ-分泌酶组件nicastrin的晶体结构,这为理解γ-分泌酶的组装及工作机制,以及阿尔茨海默氏症的发病机理提供了重要线索。研究结果发表在9月2日的《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上。 清华大学的施一公(Yigong Shi)教授是这篇论文

阿尔茨海默氏症是一种发病率最高,危害最大的中枢神经系统退变性疾病。膜内蛋白酶γ-分泌酶在这一疾病的发生发展中起着重要的作用。现在来自清华大学的研究人员揭示出了γ-分泌酶组件nicastrin的晶体结构,这为理解γ-分泌酶的组装及工作机制,以及阿尔茨海默氏症的发病机理提供了重要线索。研究结果发表在9月2日的《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上。

清华大学的施一公(Yigong Shi)教授是这篇论文的通讯作者。施一公研究组主要致力于运用结构生物学和生物化学的手段研究肿瘤发生和细胞凋亡的分子机制,集中于肿瘤抑制因子和细胞凋亡调节蛋白的结构和功能研究、重大疾病相关膜蛋白的结构与功能的研究、胞内生物大分子机器的结构与功能研究。回国后这6年里,施一公在Nature等国际顶级期刊上发表了多篇论文,同时他也搭建起了以清华大学为中心的人才引入桥梁。去年当选为中科院院士。

γ-分泌酶是一种膜嵌入式天冬氨酰蛋白酶,是由四个膜整合蛋白组成的包含19次跨膜螺旋的复合体,包括早老素-1(PS1), PEN-2, APH-1和 nicastrin四个亚基。γ-分泌酶可以切割多种I性跨膜蛋白。近年来由于它与阿尔茨海默氏症发病密切相关而受到广泛关注。

γ分泌酶复合物可以理解成细胞膜上的一个蛋白酶体,或者更通俗地形容为垃圾粉碎机。它的主要作用是降解细胞膜上的一些废物蛋白,把它降解成小的片段,让人体再吸收、再利用。

Nicastrin(NCT)是高度糖基化的I型跨膜蛋白,作为γ-分泌酶复合物的重要组件蛋白之一,广泛分布于人类或鼠的所有细胞类型。它不仅与γ-分泌酶的组装和成熟密切相关,其构象及表达变化对γ-分泌酶活性和阿尔茨海默病中β淀粉样蛋白(amyloid proteinβ,Aβ)的产生及降解也起重要调节作用。目前研究人员尚未鉴别出γ分泌酶或4个亚基的原子分辨率结构,这阻碍了理解γ分泌酶的作用机制。

在这篇新文章中,研究人员报告称获得了来自盘基网柄菌(Dictyostelium purpureum)的nicastrin的晶体结构,其分辨率为1.95埃。这一晶体结构显示,nicastrin的胞外域包含一个大裂片(lobe)和一个小裂片。他们认为nicastrin的大裂片负责底物识别,在中心通过一个疏水枢轴与小裂片连接。推测的一个底物结合口袋通过一个盖子与小裂片隔开,阻断了底物进入。
这些结构特征为我们提供了nicastrin的一个功能运作模型。分析这一nicastrin结构将推动更深入地了解γ分泌酶复合物的组装和结构。

原始出处:

Tian Xie, Chuangye Yan, Rui Zhou, Yanyu Zhao, Linfeng Sun, Guanghui Yang, Peilong Lu, Dan Ma,and Yigong Shi. Crystal structure of the {gamma}-secretase component nicastrin. PNAS, September 2, 2014;

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    2014-10-28 drwjr
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    2015-02-26 hmwwww
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    2014-09-07 yaanren

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