双子宫、双阴道畸形并一侧子宫阴道积血及单肾缺如一例

2019-11-25 李启 马晓亮 临床放射学杂志

患者女,14岁。因排便困难2周,自行于下腹部触摸到包块就诊。患者自诉初次月经14岁,至入院共有4次,经期5天,周期30~40天,经量较少。体检:一般情况好,外阴正常。肛诊检查:子宫后位,稍小,子宫前方可扪及大小约12 cm×11 cm×11 cm包块,质偏硬,活动差,无压痛。彩色多普勒超声提示盆腔巨大囊实性混合包块,右肾缺如。

患者女,14岁。因排便困难2周,自行于下腹部触摸到包块就诊。患者自诉初次月经14岁,至入院共有4次,经期5天,周期30~40天,经量较少。体检:一般情况好,外阴正常。肛诊检查:子宫后位,稍小,子宫前方可扪及大小约12 cm×11 cm×11 cm包块,质偏硬,活动差,无压痛。彩色多普勒超声提示盆腔巨大囊实性混合包块,右肾缺如。
 
MRI检查:冠状位抑脂(FS)-T2WI示子宫发育异常,可见双子宫,右侧子宫明显增大,大小约14.4 cm×7.7 cm×8.4 cm,宫腔、宫颈管及阴道内充满高信号,子宫肌层明显变薄。左侧子宫明显受压变形,形态较小(图1、2)。轴位FST2WI及T1WI见宫腔、宫颈管及阴道内积液呈短T1、长T2信号(图3、4)。行腹部扫描,左肾明显增大,右肾窝内无肾影(图5)。







图1、2MR冠状位FS-T2WI显示左右两个子宫,宫腔明显扩张,腔内呈长T2信号,子宫肌层明显变薄,左侧子宫受压;图3、4轴位FS-T2WI及T1WI见宫腔内积液呈短T1、长T2信号;图5腹部冠状位扫描,左肾明显增大,右肾窝内无肾影
 
MRI提示双子宫,右侧子宫积血,考虑生殖道畸形所致。后行妇科检查为双阴道,右侧阴道闭锁,临床行右侧阴道切开引流术。术后MRI扫描可见右侧子宫体积明显缩小,宫内积血排出,双子宫、双宫颈显示更明显(图6、7)。



图6、7右侧阴道切开引流术后,冠状位T2WI扫描见右侧子宫体积明显缩小,宫内积血排出,双子宫、双宫颈显示更明显
 
讨论
 
无论男性或女性,在胚胎早期都发生两对中肾管及一对副中肾管。女性生殖管道来自一对副中肾管,副中肾管发生于胚胎第6周时,当副中肾管生长时与对侧副中肾管相遇并融合,形成子宫-阴道管道。双子宫为两侧副中肾管未融合,各自发育形成两个单角子宫和两个宫颈,两个宫颈可分开或相连,宫颈间也可有交通管,可为一侧宫颈发育不良、缺如,双子宫可伴有阴道纵隔或斜隔。
 
子宫先天性畸形常合并泌尿系统畸形,为一侧中肾管下部的发育障碍,导致苗勒管及生肾和输尿管芽的发育异常,造成一侧肾、输尿管和膀胱的缺如或发育不全。本例为双子宫、双宫颈、双阴道畸形,右侧阴道阻塞,随着月经来潮经血未能排出,导致经血积聚在右侧宫腔及阴道内,经血可逆流,脱落的子宫内膜碎屑种植于卵巢表面或其他部位,逆行性子宫内膜异位增加,患者同时合并右肾缺如。本例患者无特异症状,仅发现盆腔包块。MRI可清晰显示子宫形态及宫腔内积血情况,发现并诊断先天性子宫畸形的准确率为100%。
 
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    2019-11-28 thm112988

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    2019-11-28 thm112988

    好:

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    2019-11-27 wushaoling

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