ESC 2014:心脏机械瓣膜增妊娠期风险(ROPAC试验)

2014-09-09 CMT 中国医学论坛报今日循环

在ESC热线专场,赫塞林克(Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink)教授团队的研究显示,心脏机械瓣膜会增加妊娠期间和妊娠后的风险。该项妊娠和心脏病注册(ROPAC)研究表明,1.4%置入机械瓣的妊娠女性死亡,20%在妊娠期流产。 赫塞林克教授说:“妊娠引起女性血流动力学改变(如心输出量、每搏输出量、心率的增加),需要心脏进行调整来适应这些变化。健康的心脏可以适应,但发生器质性心

在ESC热线专场,赫塞林克(Jolien W. Roos-Hesselink)教授团队的研究显示,心脏机械瓣膜会增加妊娠期间和妊娠后的风险。该项妊娠和心脏病注册(ROPAC)研究表明,1.4%置入机械瓣的妊娠女性死亡,20%在妊娠期流产。

赫塞林克教授说:“妊娠引起女性血流动力学改变(如心输出量、每搏输出量、心率的增加),需要心脏进行调整来适应这些变化。健康的心脏可以适应,但发生器质性心脏病者则可能难以适应这些生理变化,从而使母亲和胎儿死亡率增加。妊娠还使机体处于高凝状态。ROPAC研究探讨了机械瓣和不同抗凝方案对妊娠女性和胎儿的影响。”

ROPAC共纳入3500名患有器质性心脏病、主动脉病变或肺动脉高压的妊娠女性,其中212名置入了机械瓣。研究者发现,在置入机械瓣的妊娠女性中,1.4%死亡,近16%在妊娠不足24周、2.8%在24周后流产,23%发生出血事件,6.1%发生血栓事件。置入机械瓣的妊娠女性只有80%能活产,较组织瓣膜(98%)或无人工瓣膜(98%)者低得多。

在妊娠的三个阶段(<14周、14~36周、36周至分娩)采用不同的抗凝方案。最常用的方案是肝素-维生素K拮抗剂(VKA)-肝素方案,有43%的女性使用;21%的女性在三个阶段均给予肝素抗凝;20%的女性前两个阶段给予VKA,第三阶段给予肝素抗凝。第三种方案较其他两种方案晚期胎儿死亡率明显增高(16%对3%)。

赫塞林克教授说:“对于带有机械心脏瓣膜的妊娠女性来说,进行有效的抗凝来预防血栓并发症和降低死亡率是必须的。但是这将使出血事件风险增加。我们发现,VKA在妊娠第一阶段用于抗凝会明显增加妊娠晚期胎儿死亡率。出血或血栓并发症在三种常用的抗凝方案间无明显差异。妊娠对于置入人工瓣膜的女性来说,是一种非常危险的状态。需要置换瓣膜的女性,尤其是在面对瓣膜种类的选择时,应该被告知妊娠相关风险。”

赫塞林克教授总结说:“在妊娠第一阶段应用VKA抗凝的女性流产风险增加,没有哪种具体的抗凝方案被证实最安全。医生应意识到现行指南推荐的抗凝方案是基于有限的证据,在选择治疗方案时应因人而异,进行个体化治疗。”


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    2015-02-22 chg121

    #机械瓣#

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    2014-09-11 hb2008ye

    #妊娠期#

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    2014-09-11 Eleven18

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