Stroke:近年来卒中后认知障变化趋势

2021-03-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

近年来卒中相关痴呆的减少可能部分归因于卒中发病后记忆力下降发病的减少

据世界卫生组织(WHO)和国际老年痴呆症协会(ADI)统计,目前全球有超过 3400 万老年人罹患老年痴呆。随着痴呆研究的深入,发现 1/3 的痴呆患者尸检存在血管病理性改变,血管性因素作为痴呆的又一项病因,成为继阿尔茨海默病(AD)以后痴呆研究领域的热点。

血管性因素的可控性为痴呆的治疗提供了新的思路。从血管性痴呆(VaD)到血管性认知功能损害概念的转变把痴呆的预防放在了首位,因此也受到了越来越多的关注。

据最新数据,我国40 岁以上人群的卒中患病率达 2%,中国也是世界上卒中发病率最高的国家之一。卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)是卒中常见的并发症,不仅严重影响患者生活质量,而且显著降低卒中患者的生存时间,给家庭及社会带来极大的负担。

早在 1672 年 Thomas Willis 首次描述了卒中后患者所表现出的“思维迟钝、健忘”,是最早关于VaD的临床记录。但VaD的概念真正的提出源于20 世纪下半叶,它是涵盖脑血管疾病所导致的各种临床及病理学表现的一个病因诊断

1993 年,加拿大 Hachinski 教授首次提出了血管性认知功能障碍(VCI)这一新概念,为早期发现 VaD 前期 的认知功能下降,尽早干预及改善预后开辟新篇章。 2006 年第六届世界卒中联合大会,《世界卒中日宣言》 提出 :亚临床(无症状)卒中是临床卒中的5倍,并且可以影响思维、情绪和人格。因此,我们要识别、治疗和预防血管性认知功能损害。

最近,来自美国旧金山大学流行病学和生物研究中心的专家在《卒中》(Stroke)杂志上发表的研究,揭示了一项国家级代表性队列——HRS(健康与退休研究)试验中与卒中事件相关的记忆变化的时间趋势的证据。

HRS试验对50岁以上的成人进行了以6年为截点的3个时间段的随访跟踪(第一阶段:1998-2004,n=16781;第二阶段:2004-2010,n=15345;第三阶段:2010-2016;n=15949)。所有参与者在某一时期开始时并无卒中。

使用人口统计学调整的线性回归模型,对无卒中的参与者、卒中后存活的参与者和卒中后死亡的参与者,考虑卒中前、卒中时和卒中后几年的记忆变化,比较综合标准化记忆评分的年变化率。

结果显示,粗卒中发病率从第一阶段的的8.5例/每1000人`年下降到第3期的6.8例/每1000人`年。中风发病前后的记忆变化率在各个时期都很相似。卒中发病后立即出现的记忆力下降,从第1期的-0.37点(95% CI,-0.44~-0.29)减弱到第2期的-0.26点(95% CI,-0.33~-0.18)和第3期的-0.25点(95% CI,-0.33~-0.17)(线性趋势的P值=0.02)。

研究结果表明,近年来卒中相关痴呆的减少可能部分归因于卒中发病后记忆力下降发病的减少。同时,脑卒中发病率的降低和脑卒中护理的改善也可能降低人口痴呆的负担。

 

参考文献:

Temporal Trends in Stroke-Related Memory Change, Results From a US National Cohort 1998–2016. Stroke. ;0:STROKEAHA.120.031063. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.031063.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671422, encodeId=2be716e14225e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f4e360191a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36019, encryptionId=9f4e360191a, topicName=卒中后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff7426824786, createdName=waiwai3039, createdTime=Fri Sep 03 00:33:31 CST 2021, time=2021-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1065385, encodeId=ec961065385a2, content=👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211030/727082c36c794e7a9cc18aad6a2886d1/d8e51d61f5f74b299541d33450410b09.jpg, createdBy=26f72982264, createdName=海阔天空Sin, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 23:34:06 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950003, encodeId=c990950003d4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfec5471807, createdName=ms2000001559113877, createdTime=Sun Mar 21 23:19:22 CST 2021, time=2021-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026800, encodeId=01611026800eb, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Sat Mar 20 19:33:31 CST 2021, time=2021-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=949754, encodeId=30ee949e5474, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sat Mar 20 17:42:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-30 海阔天空Sin

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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671422, encodeId=2be716e14225e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f4e360191a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36019, encryptionId=9f4e360191a, topicName=卒中后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff7426824786, createdName=waiwai3039, createdTime=Fri Sep 03 00:33:31 CST 2021, time=2021-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1065385, encodeId=ec961065385a2, content=👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211030/727082c36c794e7a9cc18aad6a2886d1/d8e51d61f5f74b299541d33450410b09.jpg, createdBy=26f72982264, createdName=海阔天空Sin, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 23:34:06 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950003, encodeId=c990950003d4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfec5471807, createdName=ms2000001559113877, createdTime=Sun Mar 21 23:19:22 CST 2021, time=2021-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026800, encodeId=01611026800eb, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Sat Mar 20 19:33:31 CST 2021, time=2021-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=949754, encodeId=30ee949e5474, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sat Mar 20 17:42:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-21 ms2000001559113877

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1671422, encodeId=2be716e14225e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f4e360191a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#卒中后#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=36019, encryptionId=9f4e360191a, topicName=卒中后)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ff7426824786, createdName=waiwai3039, createdTime=Fri Sep 03 00:33:31 CST 2021, time=2021-09-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1065385, encodeId=ec961065385a2, content=👍, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211030/727082c36c794e7a9cc18aad6a2886d1/d8e51d61f5f74b299541d33450410b09.jpg, createdBy=26f72982264, createdName=海阔天空Sin, createdTime=Sat Oct 30 23:34:06 CST 2021, time=2021-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=950003, encodeId=c990950003d4, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfec5471807, createdName=ms2000001559113877, createdTime=Sun Mar 21 23:19:22 CST 2021, time=2021-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026800, encodeId=01611026800eb, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Sat Mar 20 19:33:31 CST 2021, time=2021-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=949754, encodeId=30ee949e5474, content=好文章!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=140, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Sat Mar 20 17:42:18 CST 2021, time=2021-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-20 健健

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    0

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    2021-03-20 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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