PLOS Med: 30-45岁时还有必要注射HPV疫苗么?过期不候!

2021-03-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

30至45岁的人群接种HPV疫苗可能不能达到“物有所值”的目标。这也提醒我们,HPV疫苗注射要趁早。

自2006年起,美国出台了相关政策,建议对26岁以下的青少年女性进行常规的人类乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗接种。2009年,该项政策扩展到21岁以下的青少年男性。此后,随着疫苗试验数据的不断涌现,HPV疫苗接种政策也进行了修订。

最初,针对HPV-16和HPV-18这2种最容易致癌的类型——大约70%的宫颈癌以及一定比例的肛门癌、外阴癌、阴道癌、阴茎癌和口咽癌都是由这两种类型引起——有2种HPV疫苗可供选择。

最近,一种新的广谱疫苗(HPV-9)获得许可,该疫苗可一次性针对7种高危HPV基因型(HPV-16/18/31/33/45/52/58),这些基因型占宫颈癌病例的90%,同时还覆盖了对HPV-6/11的预防目前所有的HPV疫苗在预防疫苗靶向HPV感染和癌前病变方面似乎都有很高的疗效,对于以前没有感染过这些类型的人来说,是很有效的。

目前,有不少国家正在考虑将HPV疫苗接种的年龄上限提高到45岁,但这种政策的公共卫生价值尚不确定。为此,来自美国哈佛大学T.H. Chan公共卫生学院的专家对现有宫颈癌筛查的背景下,30-45岁成年人HPV疫苗接种的影响和成本进行了分析。

研究人员利用了2个独立的HPV微观模拟模型来评估将女性(26岁)和男性(21岁)接种HPV疫苗的年龄上限延长至30、35、40或45岁的成本效益。这些模型经过经验性校准,以反映美国人口中HPV和相关癌症的负担。

同时,使用过去和未来疫苗接种、疫苗疗效、宫颈癌筛查和成本的标准化进行比较。分析的疾病结果包括宫颈癌、肛门癌、口咽癌、外阴癌、阴道癌和阴茎癌,以及生殖器疣。

结果显示,两种模型都预测,随着HPV疫苗接种年龄上限的增加,成本更高,但健康效益差异不大。女性和男性30岁、35岁和40岁以下的疫苗接种策略的成本效益低于45岁以下的疫苗接种策略,后者的增量成本效益比(ICER)大于普遍接受的上限,即20万美元的质量调整生命-年(QALY)。

注:质量-调整生命年或质量-调整生命-年(QALY)是疾病负担的一般措施,其中包括两个质量和数量的生活居住。它用于经济评估中,以评估医疗干预的价值。

进一步,当包括所有与HPV相关的结果时,接种疫苗至45岁的ICER为每获得一个QALY从315700美元到440600美元不等。当然,有关宫颈筛查依从性、疫苗成本和非宫颈HPV相关癌症的自然史变化对疫苗接种策略的成本效益有重大影响。

上述结果提示,30至45岁的人群接种HPV疫苗可能不能达到“物有所值”的目标。这也提醒我们,HPV疫苗注射要趁早。

 

参考文献:

Human papillomavirus vaccination for adults aged 30 to 45 years in the United States: A cost-effectiveness analysis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003534

评论区 (5)
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    2021-12-04 zhmscau

    #45岁#

    0

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    2021-03-22 ms3994565386320060

    #Med#

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    2021-03-21 悠悠sunny

    学习了0

    0

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    2021-03-20 ms1000000988986801

    受教!

    0

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    2021-03-20 兰田日暖

    确实超龄意义不大了

    0

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