寻找生命的雏形

2016-10-25 佚名 生物谷

从化学角度看,生物过程简直精妙得无法想象。但是化学家在膜拜生物神之前应该想到世界上很多其它东西也很复杂,但这些复杂体系并非一日建成,而通常是在一个关键雏形(prototype)上长时间优化而来。比如飞行,任何人看到现在的波音747都会对其复杂功能和控制系统叹为观止。但是飞行最重要的突破可能是怀特兄弟的可控飞行器,而那个初始飞机远远没有747那么令人感到深不可测。根据那个雏形优化到747虽然也不

从化学角度看,生物过程简直精妙得无法想象。但是化学家在膜拜生物神之前应该想到世界上很多其它东西也很复杂,但这些复杂体系并非一日建成,而通常是在一个关键雏形(prototype)上长时间优化而来。比如飞行,任何人看到现在的波音747都会对其复杂功能和控制系统叹为观止。但是飞行最重要的突破可能是怀特兄弟的可控飞行器,而那个初始飞机远远没有747那么令人感到深不可测。根据那个雏形优化到747虽然也不容易,但都是技术细节。

所以找到生命的雏形对理解生命过程很重要。生物学家很长时间就探索最简单的生命需要多少基因。今年Craig Venter的团队从一个天然细菌开始,经基因工程改造得到一个只有473个基因的细菌,这是迄今为止最简单的生命。虽然这个叫做JCV-syn3.0的家伙除了吃和拉之外几乎没有其它功能,但是人家的确是个生命。从这个角度看有3万个基因的人体和这个细菌比并无本质区别,高等动物的很多蛋白可能是me too蛋白,只是可以对付更复杂的环境压力。

化学家则试图使用非蛋白、核酸等生物分子建造有生命特征的化学系统,如最近George Whitesides设计的硫酯/硫醇系统。生命过程使用的化学反应只占已知化学反应的极少一部分(室温、水溶液反应),细胞利用这有限的化学反应能够复制自己、抵抗各种外部压力的原因是巧妙地把一系列化学反应偶联起来组成一个远离化学平衡的系统。封闭体系的化学反应最终会达到化学平衡,从生物学角度看这相当于死亡。利用外部能量和物质维持远离化学平衡的有序行为是生命的特征之一。

Whitesides用一个四组分的简单化学体系(都是常见化工原料)和一个流动供料系统制造了一个可控的有序体系,这个体系可以自催化复制某类分子、自己定时何时开始生产产物。根据供料速度这个体系可以显示一些生命过程的特征,如双稳定性和持续摇摆输出产物。这离把鸡汤变成活鸡还差很远,但是关键的第一步。

硫酯是生物过程常见的物种。这类研究不仅可能解决生命起源这类学术问题,而且有朝一日可能会帮助药物研究。现在的靶点选择通常是通过敲除某个基因观测生物体性质变化,而我们对生物体的设计原理还几乎一无所知。这如同在不知飞机设计原理的情况下一次取下一个零件然后观察飞机的飞行性能,我估计飞机检修不是这个做法,因为我们知道飞机的设计原理。同样如果我们知道最雏形生物功能如免疫反应的化学基础,或许我们治疗疾病会采取完全不同的策略。

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    2016-10-26 长风破浪

    逐本溯源,以小见大!科学研究最基本的方法,赞一个!

    0

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    2016-10-26 inter158

    硫酯是生物过程常见的物种。

    0

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    2016-10-26 1de00086m73(暂无匿称)

    细节决定一切

    0

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    2016-10-26 lietome2

    赞一个!!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151343, encodeId=08f815134313, content=逐本溯源,以小见大!科学研究最基本的方法,赞一个!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161121/IMG58326935AB8FB2645.jpg, createdBy=fce41971325, createdName=长风破浪, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 13:01:12 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151333, encodeId=d9cd15133374, content=硫酯是生物过程常见的物种。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 12:37:26 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151320, encodeId=28091513203a, content=细节决定一切, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAbAss3ANsjUWZKUgN2n3JyJDHOJJAxibetNCiaEh70YckbPPTELyyStMZ8T3Q340icNSXgj72MowgTC/0, createdBy=188f1666747, createdName=1de00086m73(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 26 11:35:08 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151277, encodeId=3bf51512e735, content=赞一个!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 07:55:52 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151276, encodeId=50591512e649, content=赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 07:54:59 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151211, encodeId=cb5f1512110f, content=谢谢了,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 00:16:47 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151162, encodeId=c091151162c9, content=值得一看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161012/IMG57FE37B9D8B7C2781.jpg, createdBy=05f31956923, createdName=1e128d2fm65(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 25 19:21:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-26 lietome2

    赞一个!!!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151343, encodeId=08f815134313, content=逐本溯源,以小见大!科学研究最基本的方法,赞一个!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161121/IMG58326935AB8FB2645.jpg, createdBy=fce41971325, createdName=长风破浪, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 13:01:12 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151333, encodeId=d9cd15133374, content=硫酯是生物过程常见的物种。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 12:37:26 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151320, encodeId=28091513203a, content=细节决定一切, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAbAss3ANsjUWZKUgN2n3JyJDHOJJAxibetNCiaEh70YckbPPTELyyStMZ8T3Q340icNSXgj72MowgTC/0, createdBy=188f1666747, createdName=1de00086m73(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 26 11:35:08 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151277, encodeId=3bf51512e735, content=赞一个!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 07:55:52 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151276, encodeId=50591512e649, content=赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 07:54:59 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151211, encodeId=cb5f1512110f, content=谢谢了,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 00:16:47 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151162, encodeId=c091151162c9, content=值得一看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161012/IMG57FE37B9D8B7C2781.jpg, createdBy=05f31956923, createdName=1e128d2fm65(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 25 19:21:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-26 txqjm

    谢谢了,受益匪浅

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151343, encodeId=08f815134313, content=逐本溯源,以小见大!科学研究最基本的方法,赞一个!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161121/IMG58326935AB8FB2645.jpg, createdBy=fce41971325, createdName=长风破浪, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 13:01:12 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151333, encodeId=d9cd15133374, content=硫酯是生物过程常见的物种。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151226/IMG567EB873985DE3928.jpg, createdBy=ea941622301, createdName=inter158, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 12:37:26 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151320, encodeId=28091513203a, content=细节决定一切, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Pw2csslt7CukWiabqiblnQAbAss3ANsjUWZKUgN2n3JyJDHOJJAxibetNCiaEh70YckbPPTELyyStMZ8T3Q340icNSXgj72MowgTC/0, createdBy=188f1666747, createdName=1de00086m73(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 26 11:35:08 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151277, encodeId=3bf51512e735, content=赞一个!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 07:55:52 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151276, encodeId=50591512e649, content=赞一个!!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRuUXgacXpPeW0x8Z3Qr9c3I2kTic4ZIpR29iaftYgkjRcbv982icYMtqANBPYBgPnOia6mVtX76qMXuc/0, createdBy=d85d1636106, createdName=lietome2, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 07:54:59 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151211, encodeId=cb5f1512110f, content=谢谢了,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=30331616752, createdName=txqjm, createdTime=Wed Oct 26 00:16:47 CST 2016, time=2016-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=151162, encodeId=c091151162c9, content=值得一看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161012/IMG57FE37B9D8B7C2781.jpg, createdBy=05f31956923, createdName=1e128d2fm65(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 25 19:21:58 CST 2016, time=2016-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-10-25 1e128d2fm65(暂无匿称)

    值得一看

    0