阜外医院:慢性冠脉综合征残余风险控制可遵循“ABCDEF”原则

2019-11-03 岱西 中国循环杂志

2019欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)慢性冠脉综合征指南中,ESC将稳定性冠心病修正为慢性冠脉综合征(CCS),并根据冠心病的临床表现将患者分为急性冠脉综合征(ACS)和CCS,将CCS分为六种临床情况。

2019欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)慢性冠脉综合征指南中,ESC将稳定性冠心病修正为慢性冠脉综合征(CCS),并根据冠心病的临床表现将患者分为急性冠脉综合征(ACS)和CCS,将CCS分为六种临床情况。

阜外医院郭远林教授指出,如此定义和分类,旨在强调CCS和ACS只是同一疾病的不同病理生理过程的连续,即慢中有急、交叠起伏。

值得注意的是,从ACS到CCS,理想化治疗后,还存在一些问题:

虽然罪犯病变血管重建,而非罪犯病变仍然存在并进展;即便双抗治疗已1年,但血小板、凝血活性不一定合适;急性炎症虽已控制,但慢性炎症状态仍可能持续;导致ACS的个体化诱因也存在一些不完美,比如“三高”治疗后达标情况、稳定情况,再如吸烟戒烟否或存在被动吸烟等问题。

如何应对这些残余风险,预防血管事件?

郭远林提出了“ABCDEF”原则,并强调,没有血脂异常就没有动脉粥样硬化;没有血栓就没有事件:没有炎症则斑块难以进展、血栓难以形成。只有全程做好CCS的二级预防,动脉粥样硬化心血管事件发生才会减少。

1. A即Aspirin、ADP-RB、NOAC(阿司匹林、氯吡格雷/替格瑞洛、沙班类及达比加群),即强调延长双抗治疗,对合并房颤患者做好抗凝治疗。

2. B意即BP、BMI(RAASI、CCB、运动),管好血压,控制缺血,提高运动耐量。

3. C即Cholesterol、CRP、Cigarette(他汀/依折麦布/PCSK9i;高纯度鱼油;血脂净化;卡那单抗;控烟)。

CCS指南推荐,如果患者在接受最大耐受剂量他汀类药物但低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)未达标者,推荐联合应用依折麦布,若加用后仍不达标的高危患者,应联合应用PCSK9抑制剂。

郭远林指出,可适当应用高纯度鱼油、采用血脂净化降低残余风险。另外,炎症水平也是越低越好,针对炎症可考虑卡那单抗。同时坚持良好生活方式,该戒烟就戒烟。

4. D即 Diabetes、Diet(SGLT2i、GLP-1受体激动剂;健康饮食),CCS指南推荐,糖尿病合并心血管病患者使用SGLT2i和GLP-1受体激动剂。

5. E即 LVEF、Education(ACEI、β受体阻滞剂、螺内酯;器械;宣教、自我管理),CCS指南推荐对心功能不全患者给予全面优化管理

6. F意即Further(CAC、Neuregulin-4、微循环障碍等),即临床思维还可延伸到非传统因素所致的残余风险,比如进展性冠脉钙化、Neuregulin-4水平等以及女性专有的高危因素如绝经等。

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    2019-11-04 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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