Lancet子刊:担心肠癌却又不敢做肠镜?这种替代方法可能同样有效!

2022-03-24 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在世界范围内,结直肠癌(CRC)是女性中第二常见、男性中第三常见的癌症,在2012年造成了69多万例死亡。

在世界范围内,结直肠癌(CRC)是女性中第二常见、男性中第三常见的癌症,在2012年造成了69多万例死亡。在美国,CRC是癌症死亡的第二大病因,CRC引起的死亡约占总体癌症死亡的8.4%。大约每3例CRC患者中有1例会因此死亡。

有一个令人欣慰的现象便是,最近几年来,大家普遍认识到筛查预防CRC一个十分重要的措施。在2004-2013年间,CRC的死亡率平均每年下降2.7%。微观模拟模型MISCAN-Colon提示,所观察到的CRC死亡率下降,可能约有53%得益于CRC筛查。

CRC的筛查是通过下消化道内窥镜检查或基于粪便的测试进行的。很少有随机试验的证据显示初级结肠镜检查能降低结直肠癌的死亡率。近期,来自瑞典卡罗林斯卡学院的专家旨在研究只做一次结肠镜检查或两轮粪便免疫化学试验筛查对CRC死亡率和发病率的影响,结果发表在Lancet Gastroenterology&Hepatology杂志上。

研究人员在瑞典进行了一项随机对照试验(SCREESCO)。在21个地区中,有18个地区的居民在随机化的那一年年满60岁,随机分配到只做一次结肠镜检查、两轮粪便免疫化学检测(OC-Sensor;间隔2年)或对照组(无干预;标准诊断途径)。试验的主要终点是结直肠癌的死亡率和结直肠癌的发病率。

在2014年3月1日至2020年12月31日期间,有278280人被纳入研究;31140人被分配到结肠镜检查组,60300人被分配到粪便免疫化学检验组,186840人被分配到对照组。在收到结肠镜检查邀请的30400人中,有10679人(35.1%)参加。60137名收到邮寄的粪便免疫化学检验的人中有33383人(55.5%)参加。

在意向性分析中,结肠镜检查组31140人中有49人(0.16%)检测出结肠癌,而粪便免疫化学检测组60300人中有121人(0.20%)检测出结肠癌,结果并没有差异(RR=0.78,95% CI 0.56-1.09)。结肠镜检查组有637人(2.05%)检测到晚期腺瘤,而粪便免疫化学检测组有968人(1.61%)(RR 1.27,95% CI 1.15-1.41)。结肠镜检查比粪便免疫化学检验发现更多的右侧晚期腺瘤。

由此可见,只做一次结肠镜检查和两次粪便免疫化学检测筛查,都可以用于人群的CRC筛查服务。

 

参考文献:

Once-only colonoscopy or two rounds of faecal immunochemical testing 2 years apart for colorectal cancer screening (SCREESCO): preliminary report of a randomised controlled trial. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00473-8

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    2022-04-09 howi
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    2022-03-27 ms2000000182667314

    学习了

    0

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    2022-03-26 zhouqu_8
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    2022-03-25 zengrongsuiyue

    这个结论对临床太有价值了

    0

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    2022-03-25 A型夹层

    早发现早治疗,比什么都好

    0

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本文通过对以上内容进行解读,期待为结肠癌诊断、治疗及预后提供参考,确保患者及时得到专科治疗,为结肠癌精准化治疗提供借鉴。

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63岁男性右半结肠癌患者,术后病理pT3N2aM0IIIB期,KRAS突变。治疗中病情进展为IV期肺转移,经多线治疗,PFS超5个月。MDT讨论各科室提出体会和建议,联合治疗或为后线新方向。

DCR:结肠癌手术后的肠功能障碍

结肠切除术后的肠道功能基本保持完整,只有少数患者报告有显著困扰。不良结局在女性中更为常见。