Nature:一种独特的蛋白设计可诱导包含蛋白纳米笼(nanocages)的细胞外膜泡的形成

2016-12-13 佚名 exosome.com.cn

复杂的生物过程通常通过多类大分子自组装而成的纳米结构进行,例如核糖体(蛋白质和RNA)或包膜病毒(蛋白质、核酸和脂质)。针对核酸或蛋白质的自组装结构设计已经开发出了很多方法,但是用于工程化杂交生物材料的策略才开始出现。来自美国犹他大学的研究人员在最新的Nature上发表文章报道了自组装蛋白质纳米笼(nanocages)的设计,它们以一种类似于一些病毒的方式从人类细胞释放到小囊泡中。研究人员将这种生

复杂的生物过程通常通过多类大分子自组装而成的纳米结构进行,例如核糖体(蛋白质和RNA)或包膜病毒(蛋白质、核酸和脂质)。针对核酸或蛋白质的自组装结构设计已经开发出了很多方法,但是用于工程化杂交生物材料的策略才开始出现。来自美国犹他大学的研究人员在最新的Nature上发表文章报道了自组装蛋白质纳米笼(nanocages)的设计,它们以一种类似于一些病毒的方式从人类细胞释放到小囊泡中。研究人员将这种生物材料称为“包膜蛋白纳米笼”(EPNs)。EPN的生物发生需要三个不同功能的蛋白质序列元件:膜结合、自组装和转运所需的内体分选复合物(ESCRT)。具有这些功能元件的各种合成蛋白诱导EPN的形成,突出了设计策略的模块性和普适性。生物化学分析和冷冻电子显微镜显示,编号为EPN-01的设计,由含有多个蛋白质纳米笼的小(~100 nm)囊泡组成, 与60亚基自组装支架结构的设计十分匹配。掺入水泡性口炎病毒糖蛋白(VSV-G)的EPNs可以与靶细胞融合并递送其内容物,从而将货物从一个细胞转移到另一个细胞。这些结果表明蛋白质如何被编程以指导杂交生物材料的形成,并执行复杂的任务,建立EPNs作为一类设计的、模块化的,遗传编码的纳米材料,可以在细胞之间转移分子。该方法在药物递送方面有很重要的应用前景。

图1 | EPN的释放需要这三种功能元件(可以看到这里需要TSG101/ESCRT-I-, ALIX-结合位点,而TSG101/ESCRT-I, ALIX与外泌体的形成密切相关)

图2 | EPNs是由细胞来源的膜包被的,其中包含多个蛋白纳米笼。b\c\d图都是小膜泡包被着很多个蛋白纳米笼,e图是蛋白纳米笼的三维重构图(Scale bars, 300 nm (b), 25 nm (c, d) and 5 nm (e))

图3 | EPNs可包装大分子并将它们传递到靶细胞(Scale bar, 25 nm)

图4 | 多种功能元件和蛋白结构参与了EPN的形成

从图二可以看出该研究所设计的蛋白nanocages大概20-30 nm大小,它们是包被在一个小膜泡中的,每个小膜泡中可包含有很多个蛋白nanocages。这些小膜泡大概多大呢?补充材料中有答案,如下图左侧。大概50-150 nm的大小,基本符合外泌体的大小,而且从下图右侧可以看出这些小膜泡表达外泌体的标志蛋白ALIX。但是该文并没有说这些小膜泡就是外泌体。

参考文献:

Votteler, J., et al. (2016). "Designed proteins induce the formation of nanocage-containing extracellular vesicles." Nature 540(7632): 292-295. IF=38.138

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    2017-07-13 ms1779634646866130

    #cagE#

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    2017-08-09 smlt2008

    #OCA#

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    2017-01-23 liye789132251

    #Nat#

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    2017-01-03 h.y200607_23674418

    #GES#

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    2016-12-15 clmlylxy

    #AGEs#

    0

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图片摘自:mdcurrent.in近些年来,阻断刺猬信号通路(Hedgehog cell signaling pathway)的癌症药物被认为可以有效治疗皮肤癌、白血病及其它类型肿瘤的患者,但当前可用的疗法主要都是通过靶向作用刺猬信号通路中的相同蛋白来完成的,而且肿瘤通常都会对这些药物产生耐受性。 近日,一项刊登于国际杂志EMBO Reports上的研究报告中,来自A*STAR研究所等机构的研究

Clin Nutr:多吃植物蛋白,有助于预防代谢综合征

来自不同事物的蛋白质与代谢综合征或其成分变化之间的联系目前仍不清楚。我们的目的是,前瞻性研究动物蛋白、植物蛋白和主要食物来源蛋白质摄入量与代谢综合征(MetS)发生率或其成分变化之间的联系。 研究安如了5324例参与者,来自墨尔本合作队列研究,基线时均没有心血管疾病、癌症、高脂血症、血糖升高、血压升高、腰围升高(1990-1994)。使用经验证的121项食品频率问卷评估参与者的膳食摄入情况;